Generator

Two ways of cutting a patch out of a tessellation

A generator in the tessellations library, called 26 times across 7 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults and at the arguments the essays give it, what it checked while drawing, and everywhere it is used.

patch-boundary is one function. Everything below came out of it during this build, at arguments taken from the essays rather than invented for this page — so a figure here is the same figure a reader meets in an essay, and when the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Two ways of cutting a patch out of a tessellationOn the left, the twist units that fit the sheet whole, with the pleats of the outermost ones run out to the rim; the rings mark where two of those run across one another. On the right, the same tessellation generated over a larger region and clipped to the same square, where every crease ends at the edge of the paper and none crosses another.the same tessellation on the same square, cut out of the plane two waysassembled from whole unitsclipped from the plane12 crossings · panels 1.73 apart0 crossings · panels closemountainvalleyraw edge

view: "repair", kind: "hexagonal", periods: [0.5, 0.42, 0.34, 0.28, 0.22, 0.18]

Two ways of cutting a patch out of a tessellationOn the left, the twist units that fit the sheet whole, with the pleats of the outermost ones run out to the rim; the rings mark where two of those run across one another. On the right, the same tessellation generated over a larger region and clipped to the same square, where every crease ends at the edge of the paper and none crosses another.the same tessellation on the same square, cut out of the plane two waysassembled from whole unitsclipped from the plane18 crossings · panels 2.00 apart0 crossings · panels closemountainvalleyraw edge

view: "share", kinds: [square, triangular, hexagonal, rhombille, elongated]

How much of a patch is edgeOne tiling drawn at six sizes on the same square. The bar is the fraction of the twist units appearing on the paper that the paper's own edge cuts through, rather than holding whole. It falls as the units get smaller and does not reach zero, because a boundary is one unit deep however fine the pattern is.the bar is the share of the twists on the paper that the paper's edge cuts0.5 of the sheet86%1 whole · 6 cut by the edge0.42 of the sheet55%5 whole · 6 cut by the edge0.34 of the sheet59%7 whole · 10 cut by the edge0.28 of the sheet70%7 whole · 16 cut by the edge0.22 of the sheet37%17 whole · 10 cut by the edge0.18 of the sheet49%23 whole · 22 cut by the edgea patch is a picture of a tessellation, and the smaller the unit the less of the picture is edge

view: "repair", kind: "triangular", theta: 0.35

Two ways of cutting a patch out of a tessellationOn the left, the twist units that fit the sheet whole, with the pleats of the outermost ones run out to the rim; the rings mark where two of those run across one another. On the right, the same tessellation generated over a larger region and clipped to the same square, where every crease ends at the edge of the paper and none crosses another.the same tessellation on the same square, cut out of the plane two waysassembled from whole unitsclipped from the plane12 crossings · panels 1.73 apart0 crossings · panels closemountainvalleyraw edge

What it checked while it drew

Collected by running this generator with a listener on the assertions, not written here. The count is how many separate times this build put that claim to the test.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list, which is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

A patch on a knife edge

The tessellation patch this collection prints has twelve creases nobody can see. Move the pitch of its tiling by five thousandths and they are gone — and so is a whole ring of twists. The patch sits exactly on the moment a ring of the pattern passes through the edge of the sheet, and the blemish is what that moment looks like.

Cutting a patch out of a plane

A tessellation is infinite and a sheet is not, so every picture of one is a decision about where the paper stops. Assembling whole twist units on a square and running the outstanding pleats to the rim puts 12, 18, 12 and 5 creases across other creases on four of five tilings; generating the pattern over a larger region and clipping it puts none. The panels then place exactly — and what is waiting behind the repair is a different refusal that could not be asked about before.

Most of a patch is edge

Between 34% and 91% of the vertices in the crease patterns drawn here sit on the edge of the paper rather than inside it, and on the tessellation patches — the figures that are meant to show what a repeating pattern looks like — it never falls below a third. A boundary is one unit deep whatever the unit is, so the share falls like one over the number of units across and reaches nothing at any size a page can carry.

The crease the drawing cannot show

Twelve creases on a printed crease pattern are eight millionths of a sheet long. They are in every count the collection takes of that patch, they pass every theorem, and no printer resolves them and no hand folds them. They are also the only thing holding the folded sheet together.

The edge is what makes it hard

Grids, crumples, leaves, corrugations and fold-and-cut patterns all give up a consistent lettering at one step per panel with no wrong guess anywhere. The one family that does not is a tessellation clipped to a square, and what separates it from the others is not disorder, not size and not irregularity. It is having a rim.

The property a patch does not have

A folded corrugation is described as a material — a packing ratio, a stiffness, a Poisson's ratio — and every one of those is a statement about an unbounded medium. Fold the same tiling at six sizes on the same square and the compaction climbs from 3.89 layers to 4.79 as the share of units the rim cuts falls from nine tenths to four, and it has not settled at the fine end. The number a patch gives is the material's number minus its own boundary.

The vertex the list does not have

Every condition this collection checks is asked at a vertex of a crease pattern, and a crease pattern is handed to the checker as a list of points and segments. A reader is handed ink. Read the same patterns the second way and eight printed sheets gain nothing at all — while four tessellation patches gain 12, 18, 12 and 5 vertices that nobody wrote down, every one of them a place where two creases were drawn across each other.

Every generator · The tessellations field · The patterns a reader can fold