Concept

Configuration space — where it appears

The set of positions a mechanism can be in. A rigid folding with one degree of freedom has a one-dimensional configuration space, which can still have more than one branch through a given fold angle.

Named by 3 essays across 3 fields — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.

60° / 90°all 4 reached30° / 120°all 4 reached45° / 45°2 of 8 reached50° / 70°all 4 reached80° / 55°all 4 reachedsectorseach square is one assignment the theorems allowfilled — a rigid motion arrives there · open — a flat state with no path to itthe gap opens where two sectors are equal, and nowhere else on this listbig-little-big has nothing to forbid there — the linkage still does

A state no motion reaches

Flat-foldability asks whether a folded state exists. Rigid-foldability asks whether there is a path to it. The two sets are different, and the difference can be counted on a single vertex.

rigid · Rigid folding
246810012345units (creases, or joints)log₁₀ statesa chain, 3 states per jointa sheet, two letters per creaseat one vertex, 4 of 16 assignments survive four local conditionsthe sheet's count has a local test that removes 75% of it · the chain's has none

Two things called folding

A protein folds and a sheet folds, and the word is the same word by accident. Both have exponentially many states and that is not the difference. The difference is that one of them can be filtered by four conditions checked at a single point, and the other cannot be filtered by anything local at all.

biology · Molecular folding
the bar is how many moves survive the conditions at a vertexa move flips two creases meeting at one point, which is what pushing a vertex through doesthe square patch0216 pairs tried at each of two letterings · 0 legal · 0 leave the verdict alonethe elongated patch6270 pairs tried at each of two letterings · 6 legal · 6 leave the verdict alonethe hexagonal patch8360 pairs tried at each of two letterings · 8 legal · 8 leave the verdict alonethe triangular patch8360 pairs tried at each of two letterings · 8 legal · 8 leave the verdict alonethe rhombille patch16756 pairs tried at each of two letterings · 16 legal · 16 leave the verdict aloneevery one of them leaves the lettering on the side of the question it was already on

Every move leaves the verdict

The only change a folder can make to a lettering without breaking it is to push one vertex through, flipping two creases at once. Try every such move on five tessellation patches, from two different letterings each: nineteen of two thousand nine hundred and sixty-four survive the conditions, and not one of the nineteen turns a lettering that agrees with itself into one that does not, or the other way about.

flat-folding · Local moves

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

AssignmentReachabilityThe big-little-big lemmaBuried creaseConnectivityCountingCrimpLayer orderLocal moveLocalityNecessary conditionProtein folding

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